List of margraves and electors of Brandenburg
This article lists the Margraves and Electors of Brandenburg during the period of time that Brandenburg was a constituent state of the Holy Roman Empire.
Coat of arms of the Margraviate of Brandenburg.
The Mark, or March, of Brandenburg was one of the primary constituent states of the Holy Roman Empire. It was created in 1157 as the Margraviate of Brandenburg by Albert the Bear, Margrave of the Northern March. In 1356, by the terms of the Golden Bull of Charles IV, the Margrave of Brandenburg was given the permanent right to participate in the election of the Holy Roman Emperor with the title of Elector (German: Kurfürst).
The early rulers came from several different dynasties, but from 1415 Brandenburg and its successor states were ruled by the House of Hohenzollern for over 500 years. From 1618 onward, Brandenburg was ruled in personal union with the Duchy of Prussia. The Hohenzollerns raised Prussia to a kingdom as the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701, and from then on Brandenburg was de facto treated as part of the kingdom even though it was legally still part of the Holy Roman Empire. The titles of Margrave of Brandenburg and Elector of Brandenburg were abolished along with the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, and Brandenburg was formally integrated into Prussia. Despite this, the Prussian kings still included the title "Margrave of Brandenburg" in their royal style. From 1871 to 1918 the Hohenzollerns were also German Emperors.
Margraves and Electors of Brandenburg
House of Ascania
Partitions of Brandenburg under Ascanian rule
| Margraviate of Brandenburg (1157-1266/67) | |||||||||
| Krossen (1266–1308) |
Stendal (1266–1318) |
Neumark (1266–1318) |
Salzwedel (1267–1317) |
Stargard (1267–1316) | |||||
| Margraviate of Brandenburg (Neumark then Stendal lines) (1318–1320) |
Annexed to the Duchy of Mecklenburg | ||||||||
Table of rulers
| Ruler | Born | Reign | Death | Ruling part | Consort | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albert I the Bear |  | c.1100 | 1157–1170 | 18 November 1170 | Margraviate of Brandenburg | Sophie of Winzenburg 1124 thirteen children | First Margrave who founded a dynasty in Brandenburg. Ruler of the Northern March from 1134. |
| Otto I |  | 1128 | 1170–1184 | 8 July 1184 | Margraviate of Brandenburg | Judith of Poland 1148 two children Ada of Holland 1175 one child | Ruled together with his father since 1144. |
| Otto II the Generous | _Siegesallee_Zitadelle.JPG.webp) | c.1150 | 1184–1205 | 4 July 1205 | Margraviate of Brandenburg | Unmarried | Left no descendants, and the Margraviate went to his brother. |
| Albert II |  | 1177 | 1205–1220 | 25 February 1220 | Margraviate of Brandenburg | Matilda of Lusatia (1185–1225) 1205 four children | Brother of the previous. |
| Regencies of Henry I, Count of Anhalt (1220–25), Albert I, Archbishop of Magdeburg (1220–21), Matilda of Lusatia (1221–25) | Children of Albert II, ruled jointly, but their children divided the margraviate. | ||||||
| John I |  | 1213 | 1220–1266 | 4 April 1266 | Margraviate of Brandenburg | Sophie of Denmark (1217–1247) 1230 six children Brigitte Jutta of Saxony (d. 4 April 1266) 1230 six children | |
| Otto III the Pious | 1215 | 1220–1267 | 9 October 1267 | Margraviate of Brandenburg | Beatrice of Bohemia 1243 six children | ||
| John II | _Johann_II.JPG.webp) | 1237 | 1267–1281 | 10 September 1281 | Margraviate of Brandenburg (at Krossen) | Hedwig of Werle (1243–1287) c.1260 two children |
Children of John I. Despite co-rulership between them, they received different parts in the Margraviate to rule (alone or in co-rulership):
|
| Otto IV of the Arrow |  | 1238 | 1267–1308 | 27 November 1308 | Margraviate of Brandenburg (at Stendal) | Heilwig of Holstein-Kiel (d.1305) 1279 no children Judith of Henneberg (d.1315) 1308 no children | |
| Conrad I |  | 1240 | 1267–1304 | 1304 | Margraviate of Brandenburg (at Neumark) | Constance of Greater Poland 1260 Santok three children | |
| Otto VII |  | c.1260 | 1286–1297 | 1297 | Margraviate of Brandenburg (at Neumark) | Unmarried | |
| John III of Prague |  | 1213 | 1267–1268 | 4 April 1266 | Margraviate of Brandenburg (at Salzwedel) | Unmarried | Children of Otto III. Despite co-rulership between them, they received different parts in the Margraviate to rule (alone or in co-rulership):
|
| Otto V the Tall | 1246 | 1267–1298 | 1298 | Margraviate of Brandenburg (at Salzwedel) | Judith of Henneberg-Coburg (1252–1327) 22 October 1268 four children | ||
| Otto VI the Short |  | 3/17 November 1264 | 1267–1286 | 6 July 1303 | Margraviate of Brandenburg (at Salzwedel) | Hedwig of Habsburg February 1279 Vienna no children | |
| Albert III | .jpg.webp) | c.1250 | 1267–1300 | Between 19 Sept. and 4 Dec. 1300 | Margraviate of Brandenburg (at Stargard) | Matilda of Denmark(d.1300) 1268 four children | |
| Conrad II | 1261 | 1281–1308 | 1308 | Margraviate of Brandenburg (at Krossen) | Unmarried | With his childless death his land reverted to Stendal. | |
| Herman the Tall |  | 1275 | 1298–1308 | 1 February 1308 | Margraviate of Brandenburg (at Salzwedel) | Anne of Austria 1295 Graz four children |
Children of Otto V, divided the land. Beatrice's part was then annexed to the Duchy of Świdnica-Jawor. |
| Beatrice (I) | 1270 | 1298–1316 | 1316 | Margraviate of Brandenburg (at Upper Lusatia) | Bolko I, Duke of Świdnica 4 October 1284 Berlin ten children Władysław, Duke of Bytom 21 September 1308 two children | ||
| Beatrice (II) | c.1270 | 1300–1314 | 22 September 1314 | Margraviate of Brandenburg (at Stargard) | Henry II, Lord of Mecklenburg 1292 Stargard Castle four children | Daughter and heiress of Albert III. Her marriage transferred the Stargard region into the Duchy of Mecklenburg. | |
| John IV |  | 1261 | 1304–1305 | 1305 | Margraviate of Brandenburg (at Neumark) | Unmarried | Co-ruler of his father since 1291. His childless death reverted his lands to Stendal. |
| Henry I Lackland | 21 March 1256 | 1308–1318 | 14 February 1318 | Margraviate of Brandenburg (at Delitzsch since 1297; at Stendal since 1308) | Agnes of Bavaria 1303 three children | Younger brother of John II, Otto IV and Conrad I. Started his co-rulership in 1297, receiving seat at Delitzsch; he ended up as successor of his childless elder brother Otto IV. | |
| Regency of Waldemar, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal (1308–1316) | Children of Herman, divided the land:
John's childless death left the main core of Salzwedel to be reunited by his regent Valdemar. The remaining possessions were annexed by the respective marriages. | ||||||
| John V the Illustrious | 1302 | 1308–1317 | 26 March 1317 | Margraviate of Brandenburg (at Salzwedel) | Unmarried | ||
| Matilda | 1296 | 1308–1329 | 31 March 1329 | Margraviate of Brandenburg (at Lower Lusatia) | Henry IV, Duke of Żagań 5 January 1310 four children | ||
| Agnes | .JPG.webp) | 1297 | 1308–1334 | 27 November 1334 | Margraviate of Brandenburg (at Altmark) | Waldemar, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal 1309 no children Otto, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg 1319 no children | |
| Judith |  | 1301 | 1308–1353 | 1353 | Margraviate of Brandenburg (at Coburg) | Henry IX, Count of Henneberg-Schleusingen 1 January 1317 or 1 February 1319 five children | |
| Waldemar the Great |  |
1280 | 1305–1318 | 14 August 1319 | Margraviate of Brandenburg (at Neumark) |
Agnes of Brandenburg-Salzwedel (1297-27 November 1334) 1309 no children |
Son of Conrad, co-ruled with his uncles since 1308. Left no descendants, and the margraviate went to his underage cousin. |
| 1318–1319 | Margraviate of Brandenburg | ||||||
| Regency of Wartislaw IV, Duke of Pomerania (1319–1320) | Son of Henry I. Died as a minor. After the extinction of the Ascanian dynasty in 1320, Brandenburg came under the control of the Emperor Louis IV of the House of Wittelsbach, who granted Brandenburg to his eldest son, Louis V of Bavaria. | ||||||
| Henry II the Child |  | 1302 | 1319–1320 | 26 March 1317 | Margraviate of Brandenburg | Unmarried | |
| Sophia | 1300 | 1320–1356 | 1356 | Margraviate of Brandenburg (at Landsberg) | Magnus I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg 1327 eight children | After her death, the Margraviate of Landsberg was annexed to the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg. | |
House of Wittelsbach
| Ruler | Born | Reign | Death | Ruling part | Consort | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Louis I the Brandenburger |  | May 1315 | 1323–1351 | 18 September 1361 | Margraviate of Brandenburg | Margaret of Denmark 1324 no children Margaret, Countess of Tyrol 10 February 1342 Meran four children |
In 1351 his brothers Louis and Otto gave up their inheritance in Bavaria, in exchange for the Electoral dignity in Brandenburg. |
| Louis II the Roman |  | 7 May 1328 | 1351–1365 | 17 May 1365 | Margraviate of Brandenburg | Cunigunde of Poland before 1349 no children Ingeborg of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1360 no children | Elevated in 1356 by the Holy Roman Emperor as First Elector of Brandenburg. |
| Otto the Lazy |  | 1340/42 | 1365–1373 | 15 November 1379 | Electorate of Brandenburg | Catherine of Bohemia 19 March 1366 no children | Co-ruler of Brandenburg with his brother from 1351, but as a minor (b. 1346) took no part in administration until his brother's death. Abdicated 1373 but retained Electoral title. Died 1379. |
Luxemburg Dynasty
| Image | Name | Began | Ended | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Wenceslaus Wenzel |
2 October 1373 | 29 November 1378 | Emperor Charles IV forced the last Wittelsbach Elector to abdicate, and then installed his own son, Wenceslaus. As Wenceslaus was still a minor (b. 1361), the Emperor administered the margraviate for him. |
 |
Sigismund | 29 November 1378 | 1388 | Younger brother of Wenceslaus; took control of Brandenburg on his brother's ascension as King of Germany and Bohemia. Gave up Brandenburg to his cousin Jobst as security for a substantial loan. |
 |
Jobst | 1388 | 16 January 1411 | Sigismund's first cousin, nephew of Charles IV. Elected as German King in 1410 in opposition to Sigismund, but died very shortly afterwards. |
|
Sigismund | 16 January 1411 | 30 April 1415 | Following Jobst's death, Sigismund regained control of Brandenburg and was elected undisputed King of Germany. |
Partitions of Brandenburg under Hohenzollern rule
| Electorate of Brandenburg (1415–1440) |
Margraviate of Brandenburg (under Luxemburg rule) | |||
| Margraviate of Brandenburg (1417–1440) | ||||
| Electorate of Brandenburg and Margraviate of Brandenburg-Brandenburg (1440–1618) |
Margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1440–1791) |
Margraviate of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (1st creation) (1440–1457) | ||
| Margraviate of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (2nd creation) (1486–1495) | ||||
| Margraviate of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (3rd creation) (1515–1557) | ||||
| Margraviate of Brandenburg-Küstrin (1535–1571) | ||||
| Margraviate of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (changed seat from Kulmbach to Bayreuth) (1603–1769) | ||||
| Electorate of Brandenburg, Duchy of Prussia and Margraviate of Brandenburg-Brandenburg (1618–1701) | ||||
| Margraviate of Brandenburg-Schwedt (1692–1788) | ||||
| Electorate of Brandenburg and Kingdom of Prussia (1701–1806) | ||||
| Kingdom of Prussia (1806–1918) | ||||
Table of rulers
(Note: here, the numbering of the princes is the same for all principalities, as all were titled Margraves of Brandenburg, despite the different parts of land and its particular numbering of the rulers. The princes are numbered by the year of their succession.)
| Ruler | Born | Reign | Death | Ruling part | Consort | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frederick I Friedrich I |
 |
21 September 1371 | 30 April 1415 – 20 September 1440 | 20 September 1440 | Electorate of Brandenburg | Elisabeth of Bavaria-Landshut 18 September 1401 ten children |
Originally Burgrave of Nuremberg as Frederick VI. Appointed by King Sigismund in 1415 and enfeoffed in 1417. |
| 1417–1426 | Margraviate of Brandenburg | In spite of being granted with the Electorate in 1415, the Margraviate was only given to him in 1417, which he abdicated to his son in 1426. In 1420 joined all his ancestors' Nurembergian lands with Brandenburg. | |||||
| John the Alchemist |  |
1406 | 1426–1440 | 16 November 1464 | Margraviate of Brandenburg | Barbara of Saxe-Wittenberg 1416 four children |
Received the Margraviate of Brandenburg from his father. However, after the latter's death, Brandenburg was redivided, and from then on retained Kulmbach. Abdicated 1457. |
| 1440–1457 | Margraviate of Brandenburg-Kulmbach | ||||||
| Frederick II Irontooth Friedrich II Eisenzahn |  | 19 November 1413 | 20 September 1440 – 10 February 1471 | 10 February 1471 | Margraviate and Electorate of Brandenburg | Catherine of Saxony 11 June 1441 Wittenberg three children | Reunited definitely the Margraviate and the Electorate of Brandenburg; however, his father gave to his brothers the lands of Ansbach and Kulmbach. |
| Albert I Achilles Albrecht Achilles |
 |
9 November 1414 | 1440–1486 | 11 March 1486 | Margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach | Margaret of Baden 1446 four children Anna of Saxony 12 November 1458 Ansbach thirteen children |
Received Ansbach after his father's death. In 1457 inherited Kulmbach from his brother John. On the death of his brother in 1471, became Elector. |
| 1457–1486 | Margraviate of Brandenburg-Kulmbach | ||||||
| 10 February 1471 – 11 March 1486 | Electorate of Brandenburg | ||||||
| John Cicero Johann Cicero |  | 2 August 1455 | 11 March 1486 – 9 January 1499 | 9 January 1499 | Electorate of Brandenburg | Margaret of Thuringia 15 August 1476 Berlin six children | Eldest son of Albert Achilles. |
| Sigismund | 27 September 1468 | 1486–1495 | 26 February 1495 | Margraviate of Brandenburg-Kulmbach | Unmarried | Received Kulmbach after his father's death. Left no descendants, and Kulmbach returned to Ansbach. | |
| Frederick I the Elder |  |
8 May 1460 | 1486–1536 | 4 April 1536 | Margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach | Sophia of Poland 14 February 1479 Frankfurt (Oder) seventeen children |
Received Ansbach after his father's death. In 1495 inherited the land of his brother. In 1515 the lands were separated again. |
| 1495–1515 | Margraviate of Brandenburg-Kulmbach | ||||||
| Joachim I Nestor | _-_Joachim_I_Nestor_-_Jagdschloss_Grunewald.jpg.webp) | 21 February 1484 | 9 January 1499 – 11 July 1535 | 11 July 1535 | Electorate of Brandenburg | Elizabeth of Denmark 10 April 1502 Berlin five children | |
| Casimir |  | 27 December 1481 | 1515–1527 | 21 September 1527 | Margraviate of Brandenburg-Kulmbach | Susanna of Bavaria 25 August 1518 Augsburg five children | Eldest son of Frederick III, received Kulmbach in his father's lifetime. |
| Regency of George, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1527–1541) | Left no descendants, and Kulmbach returned to Ansbach. | ||||||
| Albert II Alcibiades the Warlike | _-_Bildnis_des_Markgrafen_Albrecht_Alcibiades_von_Brandenburg-Kulmbach.jpg.webp) | 28 March 1522 | 1527–1557 | 8 January 1557 | Margraviate of Brandenburg-Kulmbach | Unmarried | |
| Joachim II Hector |  | 13 January 1505 | 11 July 1535 – 3 January 1571 | 3 January 1571 | Electorate of Brandenburg | Magdalena of Saxony 6 November 1524 Dresden six children Hedwig of Poland 29 August/1 September 1535 Kraków six children | First Protestant Elector of Brandenburg. |
| John |  | 3 August 1513 | 1535–1571 | 13 January 1571 | Margraviate of Brandenburg-Küstrin | Catherine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 11 November 1537 Wolfenbüttel two children | Son of Elector Joachim I. The Margraviate of Küstrin was created for him. After his death without male descendants, Küstrin was annexed again to the Electorate. |
| George I the Pious | _-_Georg_der_Fromme_-_Jagdschloss_Grunewald_-_1564.jpg.webp) | 4 March 1484 | 1536–1543 | 27 December 1543 | Margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach | Beatrice de Frangepan 21 January 1509 Gyula no children Hedwig of Münsterberg-Oels 9 January 1525 Oleśnica two children Emilie of Saxony 25 August 1533 four children | |
| Regencies of Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg and Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse (1543–1548), John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony (1543–1547) and Maurice, Elector of Saxony (1547–1548) | In 1557, reunited Kulmbach to Ansbach once more. Left no descendants, and the Margraviates passed to sons of the Elector John George. | ||||||
| George Frederick I the Elder |  |
5 April 1539 | 1543–1603 | 25 April 1603 | Margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach | Elisabeth of Brandenburg-Küstrin 26 December 1558 Küstrin no children Sophie of Brunswick-Lüneburg 3 May 1579 Dresden no children | |
| 1557–1603 | Margraviate of Brandenburg-Kulmbach | ||||||
| John George Johann Georg |  | 11 September 1525 | 3 January 1571 – 8 January 1598 | 8 January 1598 | Electorate of Brandenburg | Sophie of Legnica 15 February 1545 one child Sabina of Brandenburg-Ansbach 12 February 1548 Ansbach eleven children Elisabeth of Anhalt-Zerbst 6 October 1577 Letzlingen eleven children | |
| Joachim Frederick Joachim Friedrich |  | 27 January 1546 | 8 January 1598 – 18 July 1608 | 18 July 1608 | Electorate of Brandenburg | Catherine of Brandenburg-Küstrin 8 January 1570 Küstrin eleven children Eleanor of Prussia 2 November 1603 Berlin one child | |
| Joachim Ernest |  | 22 June 1583 | 1603–1625 | 7 March 1625 | Margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach | Sophie of Solms-Laubach 1612 Ansbach three children | Son of Elector John George. Received Ansbach |
| Christian |  | 30 January 1581 | 1603–1655 | 30 May 1655 | Margraviate of Brandenburg-Bayreuth | Maria of Prussia 29 April 1604 Kulmbach nine children | Son of Elector John George. Received Kulmbach. In 1604 moved the capital of the Margraviate to Bayreuth. From 1604 on, Brandenburg-Kulmbach changed its name to Brandenburg-Bayreuth. |
| John Sigismund Johann Sigismund |  | 8 November 1572 | 18 July 1608 – 3 November 1619 | 23 December 1619 | Electorate of Brandenburg | Anna of Prussia 30 October 1594 Königsberg eight children | Duke of Prussia from 1618. |
| George William I Georg Wilhelm |  | 13 November 1595 | 3 November 1619 – 1 December 1640 | 1 December 1640 | Electorate of Brandenburg | Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate 24 July 1616 Heidelberg four children | His reign was marked by ineffective governance during the Thirty Years' War. Also Duke of Prussia. |
| Frederick III | 1 May 1616 | 1625–1634 | 6 September 1634 | Margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach | Unmarried | Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother. | |
| Albert II | .jpg.webp) | 18 September 1620 | 1634–1667 | 22 October 1667 | Margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach | Henriette Louise of Württemberg-Mömpelgard 31 August 1642 Stuttgart three children Sophie Margarete of Oettingen-Oettingen 15 October 1651 Oettingen five children Christine of Baden-Durlach 6 August 1665 Durlach no children | |
| Frederick William I the Great Elector Friedrich Wilhelm |  | 16 February 1620 | 1 December 1640 – 29 April 1688 | 29 April 1688 | Electorate of Brandenburg | Louise Henriette of Nassau 7 December 1646 The Hague six children Sophia Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg 13 July 1668 Gröningen seven children | Also Duke of Prussia. |
| Christian Ernest |  | 6 August 1644 | 1655–1712 | 20 May 1712 | Margraviate of Brandenburg-Bayreuth | Erdmuthe Sophie of Saxony 29 October 1662 Dresden no children Sofie Louise of Württemberg 8 February 1671 Stuttgart six children Elisabeth Sophie of Brandenburg 30 March 1703 Potsdam nine children | Son of Erdmann August, son of Christian I. |
| John Frederick |  | 18 October 1654 | 1667–1686 | 22 March 1686 | Margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach | Johanna Elisabeth of Baden-Durlach 26 January 1673 Durlach five children Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach 4 November 1681 Eisenach three children | |
| Council of Regency (1686–1692) | Died as a minor; he was succeeded by his brother. | ||||||
| Christian Albert | 18 September 1675 | 1686–1692 | 16 October 1692) | Margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach | Unmarried | ||
| Frederick III Friedrich I |  | 11 July 1657 | 29 April 1688 – 25 February 1713 | 25 February 1713 | Electorate of Brandenburg | Elisabeth Henriette of Hesse-Kassel 13 August 1679 Potsdam one child Sophia Charlotte of Hanover 8 October 1684 Herrenhausen two children Sophia Louise of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 28 November 1708 Berlin no children | Also Duke of Prussia. In 1701 became the first King in Prussia, as Frederick I. |
| Electorate and Margraviate of Brandenburg annexed to Prussia | |||||||
| George Frederick II |  | 3 May 1678 | 1692–1703 | 29 March 1703 | Margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach | Unmarried | Died without descendants; he was succeeded by his brother. |
| Philip William |  | 19 May 1669 | 1692–1711 | 19 December 1711 | Margraviate of Brandenburg-Schwedt | Johanna Charlotte of Anhalt-Dessau 25 January 1699 Oranienbaum six children | Son of Elector Frederick William I. The Margraviate of Schwedt was created for him. |
| William Frederick |  | 8 January 1686 | 1703–1723 | 7 January 1723 | Margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach | Christiane Charlotte of Württemberg-Winnental 28 August 1709 Stuttgart three children | |
| Frederick William |  | 17 November 1700 | 1711–1771 | 4 March 1771 | Margraviate of Brandenburg-Schwedt | Sophia Dorothea of Prussia 10 November 1734 Potsdam five children | Left no male descendants. The title passed to his brother, Frederick Henry. |
| George William |  | 26 November 1678 | 1712–1726 | 18 December 1726 | Margraviate of Brandenburg-Bayreuth | Sophie of Saxe-Weissenfels 16 October 1699 Leipzig five children | |
| Regency of Christiane Charlotte of Württemberg-Winnental (1723–1729) | |||||||
| Charles William Frederick the Wild Margrave |  | 12 May 1712 | 1723–1757 | 3 August 1757 | Margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach | Friederike Luise of Prussia 30 May 1729 Berlin two children | |
| George Frederick Charles |  | 30 June 1688 | 1726–1735 | 17 May 1735 | Margraviate of Brandenburg-Bayreuth | Princess Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck 17 April 1709 Reinfeld five children | |
| Frederick |  | 10 May 1711 | 1735–1763 | 26 February 1763 | Margraviate of Brandenburg-Bayreuth | Wilhelmine of Prussia 17 April 1709 Berlin one child Sophie Caroline of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 20 September 1759 Brunswick no children | Left no male descendants; the title passed to Frederick Christian, from a collateral Bayreuth line. |
| Frederick Christian |  | 17 July 1708 | 1763–1769 | 20 January 1769 | Margraviate of Brandenburg-Bayreuth | Victoria Charlotte of Anhalt-Zeitz-Hoym 26 April 1732 Schaumburg two children | Great-grandson of Christian I and cousin of his predecessors. Left no male descendants; Bayreuth was reunited to Ansbach. |
| Bayreuth definitively annexed to Ansbach | |||||||
| Charles Alexander |  | 24 February 1736 | 1757–1791 | 5 January 1806 | Margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach | Frederica Caroline of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld 22 November 1754 Coburg no children Elizabeth Craven 13/30 October 1791 Lisbon morganatic no children | In 1769 reunited both Margraviates of Ansbach and Bayreuth.In 1791 sold both Margraviates to the Kingdom of Prussia. |
| Frederick Henry |  | 21 August 1709 | 1771–1788 | 12 December 1788 | Margraviate of Brandenburg-Schwedt | Leopoldine Marie of Anhalt-Dessau 13 February 1739 two children | Left no male descendants. Schwedt went back to the Electorate. |
| Schwedt definitively annexed to Prussia | |||||||
| ||||||
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Titular Margraves of Brandenburg after 1806
This includes Kings of Prussia with the title of Margrave of Brandenburg (1806–1918) and pretenders to the throne of Prussia (1918–present)
| Margrave | Portrait | Lifespan | Reign start | Reign end |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frederick William V Friedrich Wilhelm III |
.jpg.webp) |
3 August 1770 – 7 June 1840 | 6 August 1806 | 7 June 1840 |
| Frederick William VI Friedrich Wilhelm IV |
.jpg.webp) |
15 October 1795 – 2 January 1861 | 7 June 1840 | 2 January 1861 |
| William I Wilhelm I |
 |
22 March 1797 – 9 March 1888 | 2 January 1861 | 9 March 1888 |
| Frederick VIII Friedrich III |
 |
18 October 1831 – 15 June 1888 | 9 March 1888 | 15 June 1888 |
| William II Wilhelm II |
 |
27 January 1859 – 4 June 1941 | 15 June 1888 | Prussian monarchy abolished on 28 November 1918 4 June 1941 |
| William III Wilhelm III |
 |
6 May 1882 – 20 July 1951 | 4 June 1941 | 20 July 1951 |
| Louis Ferdinand Ludwig Ferdinand I |
 |
9 November 1907 – 26 September 1994 | 20 July 1951 | 26 September 1994 |
| George Frederick III Georg Friedrich I |
 |
10 June 1976 – present | 26 September 1994 | Incumbent |
Family tree
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The colours denote the Margraves and Electors of various partitions of Brandenburg: |
|
– Margraves and Electors of Brandenburg – Margraves of Brandenburg-Kulmbach |
– Margraves of Brandenburg-Stendal – Margraves of Brandenburg-Ansbach |
– Margraves of Brandenburg-Salzwedel – Margraves of Brandenburg-Bayreuth |
– Margraves of Brandenburg-Küstrin – Margraves of Brandenburg-Schwedt |
| Casimir I of Poland 1016–1058 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ASCANIAN | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Świętosława of Poland c. 1047 – 1126 | Władysław I Herman of Poland c. 1044 – 1102 | Otto of Ballenstedt c. 1070 – 1123 | Eilika of Saxony c. 1080 – 1142 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vladislav I of Bohemia c. 1065 – 1125 | Bołesław III of Poland 1086–1138 | Salomea of Berg c. 1100 – 1144 | Albert I the Bear c. 1100 – 1157–1170 | Sophie of Winzenburg 1105–1160 | Pribislav- Henry of the Hevelli died 1150 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Richeza of Poland 116–1156 | Vladislav II of Bohemia c. 1110 – 1174 | Soběslav I of Bohemia c. 1075 – 1140 | Mieszko III the Old of Poland 1126–1202 | Judith of Poland c. 1332 –1171 | Otto I c. 1128–br>1170–1184 | Ada of Holland c. 1163 – 1205 | A Wendish princess, identity unknown | Bernhard of Anhalt c. 1134 – 1212 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Frederick I of Bohemia 1142–1189 | Sophia of Minsk c. 1140 – 1198 | Přemysl I Ottokar of Bohemia c. 1155 – 1230 | Soběslav II of Bohemia c. 1128 – 1180 | Elisabeth of Poland c. 1152 – 1209 | Conrad II of Lusatia 1159–1210 | Otto II the Generous 1147–1184–1205 | Albert I of Saxony c. 1175 – 1260 | Odon of Poznań c. 1149 – 1194 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ludmilla of Bohemia died 1240 | Valdemar II of Denmark 1170–1244 | Vaclav I of Bohemia c. 1205 – 1253 | Cunigunde of Swabia 1202–1248 | Matilda of Lusatia 1185–1225 | Albert II c. 1177 – 1205–1220 | Władysław of Greater Poland c. 1190 – 1239 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| WITTELSBACH | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Přemysl Ottokar II of Bohemia 1233–1278 | Otto II/IV of Bavaria 1206–1253 | Christopher I of Denmark 1219–1259 | Beatrice of Bohemia 1225–1290 | Otto III the Pious 1215–1220–1267 | Rudolf I of Germany 1218–1291 | Sophie of Denmark 1217–1247 | John I c. 1213 – 1220–1266 | Brigitte Judith of Saxony died 1266 | Przemysł I of Greater Poland 1220–1257 | Matilda of Brandenburg c. 1210 – 1261 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Albert III c. 1250 – 1267–1300 | Matilda of Denmark 1250–1299 | Otto V the Tall 1246–1267–1298 | Judith of Henneberg- Coburg | Otto VI the Short 1255–1267– 1286–1303 | Hedwig of Habsburg c. 1260 – 1303 | Albert I of Germany 1255–1308 | Otto IV of the Arrow 1238–1266–1308 | John II 1237–1266–1281 | Conrad c. 1240 – 1266–1304 | Constance of Greater Poland 1246–1281 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vaclav II of Bohemia 1271–1305 | Louis II of Bavaria 1229–1294 | John III of Prague 1244–1267–1268 | Beatrice of Brandenburg c. 1270 – 1316 | Bolko I of Jawor and Świdnica 1252/6–1301 | Herman the Tall 1275–1299–1308 | Anne of Austria 1275–1327 | Albert II of Austria 1298–1358 | Adelaide of Brunswick- Lüneburg 1244–1274 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LUXEMBOURG | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Elizabeth of Bohemia 1292–1330 | John the Blind of Bohemia 1296–1346 | Bernard II of Jawor and Świdnica c. 1291 – 1326 | Margaret II of Hainault 1311–1356 | Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor | Beatrice of Silesia 1290–1320 | Nicholas I of Troppau c. 1255 – 1318 | John V the Illustrious 1302–1308–1317 | Agnes of Brandenburg- Salzwedel 1296–1334 | Waldemar the Great 1280–1317–1319 Stendal 1308–1317 | Henry I Lackland 1256–1317–1318 Stendal 1266–1317 | Agnes of Bavaria 1276–1345 | Adelaide of Hesse 1268–1317 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| WETTIN | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Otto V the Lazy 1346–1351–1379 | Henry II of Świdnica 1316–1345 | Louis II the Roman 1328–1351–1365 | Stephen II of Bavaria 1319–1375 | Louis I 1315–1323– 1351–1361 | Nicholas II of Troppau 1288–1365 | Matilda of Bavaria 1313–1346 | Frederick II of Meissen 1310–1349 | Elisabeth of Henneberg- Schleusingen 1318–1377 | Henry II the Child 1308–1319–1320 | Frederick I of Celje c. 1300 – 1359 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HOHENZOLLERN | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Anna of Świdnica 1339–1362 | Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor 1316–1378 | Elizabeth of Pomerania c. 1347 – 1393 | Albert III of Austria 1349–1395 | Frederick of Bavaria 1339–1393 | John Henry of Moravia 1322–1375 | Margaret of Opava 1330–1363 | Frederick III of Thuringia 1332–1381 | Elisabeth of Meissen 1329–1375 | Frederick V of Nuremberg 1333–1398 | False Waldemar r. 1348–1350, died 1356 | Hermann I of Celje 1333–1385 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wenzel the Idle 1361–1373 – 1378–1419 | Herman II of Celje c. 1360 – 1435 | Albert IV of Austria 1377–1404 | Jobst 1354–1397–1411 | Frederick I of Saxony 1370–1428 | Elisabeth of Bavaria 1383–1442 | Frederick I 1371–1415–1440 | Elisabeth of Nuremberg 1358–1411 | Ulrich I of Celje 1331–1368 | Margaret of Hohenzollern- Neuburg 1367–1406 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HESSE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Leopold III of Austria 1351–1386 | Sigismund I 1368–1378 – 1388–1411 – 1415–1437 | Barbara of Cilli 1392–1451 | Catherine of Saxony 1421–1476 | Frederick II Irontooth 1413–1440–1471 | John VI the Alchemist 1406–1440–1457 Brandenburg 1426–1440 | Margaret of the Palatinate 1376–1434 | William of Celje 1361–1392 | Anna of Saxony 1420–1462 | Louis I of Hesse 1402–1458 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ernest the Iron of Austria 1377–1424 | Cymburgis of Masovia 1394–1429 | Elisabeth of Luxembourg 1409–1442 | Albert V of Austria 1397–1439 | Sophia of Halshany 1405–1461 | Władysław II Jagiełło of Poland c. 1352 – 1434 | Anna of Cilli c. 1381 – 1416 | Albert III of Bavaria 1401–1460 | Frederick II of Saxony 1412–1464 | Catherine of Lorraine 1431–1457 | William III of Meissen- Thuringia 1425–1482 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor 1415–1493 | Eleanor of Portugal 1434–1467 | Elizabeth of Austria 1436–1505 | Casimir IV Andrew of Poland 1427–1472 | Frederick Magnus I of Solms-Laubach 1521–1561 | Agnes of Wied | Anna of Saxony 1437–1512 | Albert IV Achilles 1414–1471–1486 Ansbach 1440–1486 Kulmbach 1457–1486 | Margaret of Baden 1431–1457 | Ernest of Saxony 1441–1486 | Elisabeth of Bavaria 1443–1484 | Louis II of Lower Hesse 1438–1471 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Albert III of Saxony 1443–1500 | Cunigunde of Austria 1465–1520 | Albert IV of Bavaria- Munich 1447–1508 | Sophie of Poland 1464–1512 | Frederick II the Elder 1450–1486–1535 Kulmbach 1495–1515 | Sigismund II 1468–1486–1495 | Ursula of Brandenburg 1488–1510 | John VII Cicero 1455–1486–1499 | Margaret of Saxony- Thuringia 1449–1501 | Christina of Saxony 1461–1521 | John of Saxony 1468–1532 | William II of Hesse 1469–1509 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Henry IV of Saxony 1473–1541 | George the Bearded of Saxony 1471–1539 | Susanna of Bavaria 1502–1543 | Casimir 1481–1515–1527 | Albert of Prussia 1490–1568 | Charles I of Münsterburg- Oels 1476–1536 | Sophie of Brandenburg- Ansbach- Kulmbach 1485–1537 | Joachim I Nestor 1484–1499–1535 | Elizabeth of Denmark 1485–1555 | John Frederick 1503–1554 regent 1543–1547 | Anna of Brandenburg 1487–1514 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Maurice 1521–1571 regent 1547–1548 | Christine of Saxony 1505–1549 | Philip 1504–1567 regent 1543–1548 | Albert V Alcibiades 1522–1527 – 1553–1557 | Emilie of Saxony 1516–1591 | George I the Pious 1484–1536–1543 Kulmbach, regent 1527–1541 | Hedwig of Münsterberg- Oels 1508–1531 | Magdalena of Saxony 1507–1534 | Joachim II Hector 1505–1535–1571 Ansbach, regent 1543–1548 | Catherine of Brunswick- Wolfenbüttel 1518–1574 | John VIII 1513–1535–1571 | Hedwig Jagiellon 1513–1573 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Elisabeth of Solms- Laubach | John George I of Solms- Laubach 1547–1600 | Margaret of Schönburg- Glauchau | Elisabeth of Anhalt- Zerbst 1563–1607 | Elisabeth of Brandenburg- Küstrin 1540–1578 | George Frederick the Elder 1539–1547–1603 Kulmbach 1557–1603 | Sabina of Brandenburg- Ansbach 1529–1575 | John George 1525–1571–1598 | Sophie of Legnica 1525–1546 | Albert Frederick of Prussia 1553–1618 | Marie of Brandenburg- Kulmbach 1519–1567 | Hedwig of Brandenburg 1540–1602 | Christian III of Denmark 1503–1559 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agnes of Sayn- Wittgenstein | Henry William I of Solms- Sonnerwalde | Sophie of Solms- Laubach 1594–1651 | Joachim Ernst 1583–1603–1625 | Christian 1581–1603–1655 | Marie of Prussia 1579–1649 | Barbara of Hesse 1536–1597 | Eleanor of Prussia 1583–1607 | Joachim Frederick 1546–1598–1608 | Catherine of Brandenburg- Küstrin 1549–1602 | Louis VI of the Palatinate 1539–1583 | Maria of Brunswick- Lüneburg 1566–1626 | John II of Schleswig- Holstein- Sonderburg 1545–1622 | Anna Sophia of Prussia 1527–1591 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amaila of Solms- Braunfels 1602–1675 | Anna Sybilla of Solms- Sonnenwalde | Frederick IV 1616–1625–1634 | Sophie of Brandenburg- Ansbach 1614–1646 | Erdmann August of Brandenburg- Bayreuth 1615–1651 | Frederick IV of the Palatinate 1574–1610 | Geogre Albert of Brandenburg- Bayreuth- Kulmbach 1619–1666 | Anna of Prussia 1576–1625 | John Sigismund 1572–1608–1619 | Frederick I of Württemberg 1557–1608 | Magdalene of Brandenburg 1582–1616 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sophie Margarete of Oettingen- Oettingen | Albert VI 1620–1634–1667 | Barbara of Württemburg 1593–1627 | Christian Ernst 1644–1655–1712 | Sophie Louise of Württemburg 1642–1702 | Christian Henry of Brandenburg- Bayreuth- Kulmbach 1661–1708 | George William I 1595–1619–1640 | Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate 1597–1660 | Anne Eleonore of Hesse- Darmstadt 1601–1659 | Sophie Hedwig of Saxe- Lauenburg 1601–1660 | Philip of Schleswig- Holstein- Sonderburg- Glücksburg 1584–1663 | John VII of Mecklenburg 1558–1592 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Frederick VI of Baden- Durlach 1617–1677 | George William II 1678–1712–1726 | Dorothea of Schleswig- Holstein- Sonderburg- Glücksburg 1636–1689 | George Frederick Charles 1688–1726–1735 | Henriette Catherina of Nassau 1637–1708 | Louise Henriette of Nassau 1627–1667 | Frederick William I the Great 1620–1640–1688 | Dorothea of Schleswig- Holstein- Sonderburg-Beck 1685–1761 | Ernest Augustus of Hanover 1629–1698 | John Albert II of Mecklenburg 1590–1636 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Eleonore Juliane of Brandenburg- Ansbach 1663–1724 | Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach 1662–1696 | John Frederick 1654–1667–1686 | Joanna Elisabeth of Baden- Durlach 1651–1680 | Frederick Christian 1708–1763–1769 | Frederick VI 1711–1735–1763 | Johanna Charlotte of Anhalt-Dessau 1682–1750 | Philip William 1669–1692–1711 | Frederick V 1657–1688–1713 | Sophia Charlotte of Hanover 1668–1705 | Sophia Dorothea of Brunswick- Lüneburg-Celle 1666–1726 | Elisabeth Sophie of Mecklenburg 1613–1676 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Christine Charlotte regent 1694–1723–1729 | William Frederick 1686–1703–1723 | George Frederick II 1678–1692–1703 | Ferdinand Albert I of Brunswick- Wolfenbüttel- Bevern 1636–1687 | Frederick William II 1700–1711–1771 | Frederick Henry 1709–1771–1788 | Frederick William III the Soldier 1688–1713–1740 | Sophia Dorothea of Hanover 1687–1757 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Charles William Frederick the Wild 1712–1729–1757 | Frederica Louisa of Prussia 1714–1784 | Philippine Charlotte of Prussia 1716–1801 | Charles I of Brunswick- Wolfenbüttel 1713–1780 | Luise of Brunswick- Wolfenbüttel 1722–1790 | Augustus William of Prussia 1722–1758 | Schwedt annexed by the Electorate | Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick- Wolfenbüttel 1715–1797 | Frederick VII the Great 1712–1740–1786 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexander 1736–1757 – 1791–1806 Bayreuth 1769–1791 | Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick- Wolfenbüttel 1746–1840 | Frederick William IV 1744–1786–1797 | Frederica Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt 1751–1805 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ansbach and Bayreuth sold to Prussia | Frederick William V 1770–1797 – 1806–1840 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Brandenburg definitively annexed by Prussia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See also
- List of consorts of Brandenburg
- Lists of political office-holders in Brandenburg
- List of minister-presidents of Brandenburg
- List of monarchs of Prussia
References
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