Solar eclipse of April 20, 2023

A hybrid solar eclipse occurred on Thursday, April 20, 2023. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun thereby totally or partly obscuring the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A hybrid solar eclipse is a rare type of solar eclipse that changes its appearance from annular to total and back as the Moon's shadow moves across the Earth's surface.[1] Totality occurs in a narrow path across the surface of the Earth, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometers wide.[2] Hybrid solar eclipses are extremely rare, occurring in only 3.1% of solar eclipses in the 21st century.[3]

Solar eclipse of April 20, 2023
Partial from Magetan, Indonesia
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureHybrid
Gamma−0.3952
Magnitude1.0132
Maximum eclipse
Duration76 s (1 min 16 s)
Coordinates9.6°S 125.8°E / -9.6; 125.8
Max. width of band49 km (30 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse4:17:56
References
Saros129 (52 of 80)
Catalog # (SE5000)9559

Totality for this eclipse was visible in the North West Cape peninsula and Barrow Island in Western Australia, eastern parts of East Timor, as well as Damar Island and parts of the province of Papua in Indonesia.[4] More than 20,000 people watched the eclipse from the town of Exmouth on Western Australia's North West Cape.[5] Providing infrastructure and services for the visitors (Exmouth's normal population is less than 3,000) cost the State Government of Western Australia A$20 million (US$13.5 million). The date marked a significant moment of astrotourism and tourism in Western Australia.[6]

Portions of the eclipse's path near sunrise and sunset were annular. With the eclipse occurring 4.1 days after perigee (April 16), the Moon's apparent diameter was 1.02% larger than average.[7]

Images
Animated path of the eclipse
Animation of images from Himawari 9 showing the Moon's shadow moving across the Earth.

Australia
  • Video of total eclipse from Exmouth, Western Australia
  • Partial from Perth, Western Australia, 03:19 UTC
    Partial from Perth, Western Australia, 03:19 UTC

East Timor

Indonesia
  • Partial from Bekasi, West Java, 03:30 UTC
    Partial from Bekasi, West Java, 03:30 UTC
  • Partial from Bekasi, West Java, 03:45 UTC
    Partial from Bekasi, West Java, 03:45 UTC
  • Partial from Jakarta, 03:47 UTC
    Partial from Jakarta, 03:47 UTC
  • Partial from Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, 04:02 UTC
    Partial from Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, 04:02 UTC
  • Partial from Pangkal Pinang, Bangka Belitung Islands, 04:05 UTC
    Partial from Pangkal Pinang, Bangka Belitung Islands, 04:05 UTC
  • Partial viewed from Biak, Papua, 05:25 UTC - post-totality
    Partial viewed from Biak, Papua, 05:25 UTC - post-totality

Malaysia
  • Partial from Kuching, Sarawak, 04:13 UTC
    Partial from Kuching, Sarawak, 04:13 UTC


Philippines
  • Partial from San Fernando, Pampanga, 04:50 UTC
    Partial from San Fernando, Pampanga, 04:50 UTC
  • Partial from Magalang, Pampanga, 04:55 UTC
    Partial from Magalang, Pampanga, 04:55 UTC
  • Partial from San Jose del Monte, Bulacan, 04:55 UTC
    Partial from San Jose del Monte, Bulacan, 04:55 UTC
  • Partial from Novaliches, Quezon City, 04:49 UTC
    Partial from Novaliches, Quezon City, 04:49 UTC

Vietnam
  • Partial from Ho Chi Minh City, 04:21 UTC
    Partial from Ho Chi Minh City, 04:21 UTC

Tzolkinex

Half-Saros cycle

Tritos

Solar Saros 129

Inex

Triad

Eclipses of 2023

Solar eclipses of 2022–2025

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[8]

Solar eclipse series sets from 2022 to 2025
Ascending node   Descending node
Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma
119

Partial from CTIO, Chile		 2022 April 30

Partial		 −1.19008 124

Partial from Saratov, Russia		 2022 October 25

Partial		 1.07014
129

Total from
East Timor		 2023 April 20

Hybrid		 −0.39515 134

Annular from
Campeche, Mexico		 2023 October 14

Annular		 0.37534
139

Total from
Indianapolis, USA		 2024 April 8

Total		 0.34314 144 2024 October 2

Annular		 −0.35087
149 2025 March 29

Partial		 1.04053 154 2025 September 21

Partial		 −1.06509

Saros 129

It is a part of Saros cycle 129, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, containing 80 events. The series started with partial solar eclipse on October 3, 1103. It contains annular eclipses on May 6, 1464 through March 18, 1969, hybrid eclipses from March 29, 1987 through April 20, 2023 and total eclipses from April 30, 2041 through July 26, 2185. The series ends at member 80 as a partial eclipse on February 21, 2528. The longest duration of totality was 3 minutes, 43 seconds on June 25, 2131 . All eclipses in this series occurs at the Moon’s ascending node.[9]

Series members 46–56 occur between 1901 and 2100:
46 47 48

February 14, 1915
February 24, 1933
March 7, 1951
49 50 51

March 18, 1969
March 29, 1987
April 8, 2005
52 53 54

April 20, 2023
April 30, 2041
May 11, 2059
55 56

May 22, 2077
June 2, 2095

Inex series

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Tritos series

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

21 eclipse events, progressing from south to north between July 1, 2000 and July 1, 2076
July 1–2 April 19–20 February 5–7 November 24–25 September 12–13
117 119 121 123 125

July 1, 2000
April 19, 2004
February 7, 2008
November 25, 2011
September 13, 2015
127 129 131 133 135

July 2, 2019
April 20, 2023
February 6, 2027
November 25, 2030
September 12, 2034
137 139 141 143 145

July 2, 2038
April 20, 2042
February 5, 2046
November 25, 2049
September 12, 2053
147 149 151 153 155

July 1, 2057
April 20, 2061
February 5, 2065
November 24, 2068
September 12, 2072
157 159 161 163 165

July 1, 2076

References
  1. "Lunar eclipse 2023: The rare celestial event which will not happen again till 2042". India Today (Press release). Retrieved 27 April 2023.
  2. "How to view this week's rare hybrid eclipse". CNN. Retrieved 27 April 2023.
  3. "Hybrid solar eclipse: Everything you need to know about the rare and strange phenomenon". Space.com. 20 November 2022. Archived from the original on 9 January 2023. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  4. Hybrid Solar Eclipse of 2023 Apr 20 Archived 2021-01-17 at the Wayback Machine, National Aeronautics and Space Administration
  5. "Solar eclipse chasers descend on tiny Western Australian town to experience 'wonders of the universe'". The Guardian. 20 April 2023. Archived from the original on 20 April 2023.
  6. Marcus, Lilit (19 April 2023). "How a solar eclipse could change this small Australian town forever". CNN. Archived from the original on 21 April 2023. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  7. "Solar Eclipse 2023 Date, Time First Solar Eclipse of 2023". gotopnews.com. 20 April 2023. Archived from the original on 20 April 2023.
  8. van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  9. Espenak, F. "NASA Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 129". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.
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